Field Archaeology
Author: Farhat A. Hussain
This work has been written in order to provide the reader with an introduction of the aims, scope, methodology and application of field archaeology and draws on the studies, research, practical experience, writings and work of the author. Arguably, field archaeology comprises the cutting edge of archaeology in its physical contact with the archaeological record/and or historic landscape. Not all archaeology studies, research and projects require their own field archaeology work though most will make reference to findings from those already undertaken in acknowledgement of the role of this aspect of the discipline. A complex and time-consuming endeavour, field archaeology involves conceptualisation, planning, conducting and analysis of archaeology survey in the field using a variety of survey techniques and equipment. Choice of type of survey, equipment and approaches used will reflect on the aims and nature of the project and landscape. Field archaeology involves a vast range of methods, skills and phases of projects and may involve landscape archaeology, urban archaeology, environmental archaeology and/or other specialisms and focus. Preservation of the site in addition to conservation of artifacts are notable responsibilities of field archaeologists that reflect on ethical dimensions of the discipline and practice. Those who study archaeology and members of the public who view, via the media, and in museums and other contexts the archaeological record will benefit from insight into how field archaeology is undertaken and an awareness of ethical and other issues that are involved. This short work contributes knowledge and understanding to those who are new to the science and practice of archaeology. Issues addressed include the aims, scope and approaches to field archaeology, planning of an excavation, use of aerial survey, team composition and dynamics, the scope and value of field walking, use of geophysical equipment, analysis of results and much else.